IEC61511是應用于過程工業安全相關系統的標準，下面昌暉儀表給大家介紹一些IEC61511標準術語。
過程工業安全儀表系統的功能安全(Functionalsafty—Safety instrmented systems for the process industry sector)IEC61511-1過程工業安全儀表系統的功能安全-第1部分：框架、定義、系統、硬件和軟件要求IEC61511-2過程工業安全儀表系統的功能安全-第2部分：IEC61511的應用指南IEC61511-3過程工業安全儀表系統的功能安全-第3部分：確定要求的安全完整性等級的指南
說明：以下術語摘錄自IEC61511標準和相關的標準翻譯稿，其中有一些術語在過去出現過，但表述略有不同，差別反映了過程控制領域的習慣與特殊性。
◆結構 architecture
Arrangementof hardware and/or software elements in a system, for example
①arrangementof safety instrumented system (SIS) subsystems
②internal structure of an SIS subsystem
③arrangement of software programs
系統中硬件和/或軟件元素的安排，如：
①安全儀表系統(SIS)子系統的安排；
②SIS子系統的內部結構；
③軟件程序的安排。
◆資產保護 assetprotection
Function allocatedto system design for the purpose of preventing loss to assets
為防止資產損失分配給系統設計的功能。
◆基本過程控制系統(BPCS) basic process control system(BPCS)
Systemwhich responds to input signals form the process, its associated equipment,other programmable systems and/or an operator and generates output signalscausing the process and its associated equipment to operate in the desiredmanner but which does not perform any safety instrumented functions with aclaimed SIL≥1
對來自過程的、系統相關設備的、其他可編程系統的和/或某個操作員的輸入信號進行響應，并產生使過程和系統相關設備按要求方式運行的系統，但它并不執行任何具有被聲明的SIL≥1的儀表安全功能。
◆通道 channel
element orgroup of elements that independently perform(s) a function
獨立執行一個功能的一個或一組元素。
◆共同原因失效 commoncause failure
failure,which is the result of one or more events, causing failures of two or moreseparate channels in a multiple channel system, leading to system failure
由一個或多個事件引起一個多通道系統中的兩個或多個分離通道失效，從而導致系統失效的一種失效。
◆共同模式失效 commonmode failure
failure oftwo or more channels in the same way, causing the same erroneous result
兩個或多個通道以同樣的方式引起相同的誤差結果的失效。
◆部件 component
one of theparts of a system, subsystem, or device performing a specific function
執行某一特定功能的系統、子系統或裝置的一個組成部分。
◆配置管理configuration management
disciplineof identifying the components of an evolving (hardware and software) system forthe purpose of controlling changes to those components and maintainingcontinuity and traceability throughout the life cycle
為了在生命周期全過程中控制組件的變化(硬件和軟件)和保持連續性和可追溯性，對進化系統(硬件和軟件)中組件的識別規則。
◆控制系統 controlsystem
systemwhich responds to input signals from the process and/or from an operator andgenerates output signals causing the process to operate in the desired manner
對來自過程和/或操作員的輸入信號進行響應，并產生使過程按要求方式運行的輸出信號的系統。
◆危險失效 dangerousfailure
failurewhich has the potential to put the safety instrumented system in a hazardous orfail-to-function state
可能使安全儀表系統潛在地處于某種危險或功能喪失狀態的失效。
◆相關失效 dependentfailure
failurewhose probability cannot be expressed as the simple product of theunconditional probabilities of the individual events which caused it
其概率不能表示為引起失效的獨立事件的無條件概率的簡單乘積的失效。
◆檢測到的 detected
in relationto hardware failures and software faults, detected by the diagnostic tests orthrough normal operation
在與硬件失效和軟件故障有關時，通過診斷測試或正常操作發現的。
◆裝置 device
functionalunit of hardware or software, or both, capable of accomplishing a specifiedpurpose
能實現某個規定目的的硬件或軟件或者二者結合的功能單元
◆診斷覆蓋率(DC) diagnostic coverage (DC)
ratio ofthe detected failure rate to the total failure rate of the component orsubsystem as detected by diagnostic tests. Diagnostic coverage does not includeany faults detected by proof tests.
診斷測試檢測到的部件或子系統的失效率與總失效率之比。診斷覆蓋率不包含由檢驗測試檢測到的任何故障。
◆多樣性 diversity
existenceof different means performing a required function
執行一個要求功能存在不同方法。
◆電氣/電子/可編程電子(E/E/PE) electrical/electronic/programmable
electronicbased onelectrical (E) and/or electronic (E) and/or programmable electronic (PE)technology
基于電氣(E)和/或電子(E)和/或可編程電子(PE)技術。
◆誤差 error
discrepancybetween a computed, observed or measured value or condition and the true,specified or theoretically correct value or condition
計算出的、觀測到的和測量到的值或條件，和真實的、規定的或理論上正確的值或條件之間的差異。
◆外部風險降低設施 external risk reduction facilities
measuresto reduce or mitigate the risks, which are separate and distinct from the SIS
與SIS分離且性質不同的降低或減少風險的措施。
◆失效 failure
termination of the abilityof a functional unit to perform a required function
功能單元執行一個要求功能的能力的終止。
◆故障 fault
abnormal condition that maycause a reduction in, or loss of, the capability of a functional unit toperform a required function
可能引起功能單元執行要求功能的能力降低或喪失的異常狀況。
◆故障避免 fault avoidance
use of techniques andprocedures which aim to avoid the introduction of faults during any phase ofthe safety life cycle of the safety instrum ented system
在安全儀表系統安全生命周期的任何階段中為避免引入故障而使用的技術和程序。
◆故障裕度 fault tolerance
ability of a functionalunit to continue to perform a required function in the presence of faults orerrors
在出現故障或誤差的情況下，功能單元繼續執行要求功能的能力。
◆最終元件 final element
part of a safetyinstrumented system which implements the physical action necessary to achieve asafe state
執行實現某種安全狀態所必需的實際動作的安全儀表系統的組成部分。
◆功能安全 functional safety
part of the overall safetyrelating to the process and the BPCS which depends on the correct functioningof the SIS and other protection layers
與過程和BPCS有關的整體安全的組成部分，它取決于SIS和其他保護層的正確功能執行。
◆功能安全評估 functional safetyassessment
investigation, based onevidence, to judge the functional safety achieved by one or more protectionlayers
基于證據的調查，以判定由一個或多個保護層所實現的功能安全。
◆功能安全審核 functional safety audit
systematic and independentexamination to determine whether the procedures specific to the functionalsafety requirements comply with the planned arrangements, are implementedeffectively and are suitable to achieve the specified objectives
對于按計劃安排的功能安全要求專用的規范是否有效地執行并滿意地達到規定目的進行系統地、獨立的檢查。
◆功能單元 functional unit
entity of hardware orsoftware, or both, capable of accomplishing a specified purpose
能夠完成規定目的的軟件、硬件或兩者相結合的實體。
◆硬件安全完整性 hardware safety integrity
part of the safetyintegrity of the safety instrumented function relating to random hardwarefailures in a dangerous mode of failure
在危險失效模式中，與硬件隨機失效有關的儀表安全功能的安全完整性的一部分。
◆傷害 harm
physical injury or damageto the health of people, either directly or indirectly, as a result of damageto property or to the environment
由財產或環境的破壞而直接或間接導致的人身傷害或人體健康的損害。
◆危險 hazard
potential source of harm
傷害的潛在根源。
◆人為誤差 human error失誤 mistake
human action or inactionthat produces an unintended result
引發非期望結果的人的動作或不動作。
◆影響分析 impact analysis
activity of determining theeffect that a change to a function or component will have to other functions orcomponents in that system as well as to other systems
確定一個系統中的一個功能或部件的改變，對該系統和其他系統中其他功能 或部件影響的活動。
◆獨立部門 independent department
department which isseparate and distinct form the departments responsible for the activities whichtake place during the specific phase of the safety life cycle that is subjectto the functional safety assessment or validation
在進行安全評估或確認的安全生命周期的特定階段中，同負責所發生活動的部門分開且不同的部門。
◆獨立組織 independent organization
organization which isseparate and distinct, by management and other resources, from theorganizations responsible for the activities which take place during thespecific phase of the safety life cycle that is subject to the functionalsafety assessment or validation
在進行安全評估或確認的安全生命周期的特定階段中，通過管理和其他資源同負責所發生活動的組織分開且不同的組織。
◆獨立人員 independent person
person who is separate and distinct from theactivities which take place during the specific phase of the safety life cyclethat is subject to the functional safety assessment or validation and does nothave direct responsibility for those activities
在進行安全評估或確認的安全生命周期的特定階段中，同所發生活動分開且不同的人員，這些人員并不直接負責那些活動。
◆輸入功能 input function
function which monitors the process and itsassociated equipment in order to provide input information for the logic solver
為了給邏輯解算器提供輸入信息，監視過程及其相關設備的功能。
◆儀表 instrument
apparatus used in performing an action(typically found in instrumented systems)
在執行某個動作中使用的儀器(典型的可見儀表系統)。
◆邏輯功能 logic function
function which performs the transformationsbetween input information (provided by one or more input functions) and outputinformation (used by one or more output functions) ; logic functions providethe transformation from one or more input functions to one or more outputfunctions
在輸入信息(由一個或幾個輸入功能提供)和輸出信息(由一個或幾個輸出功能使用)之間執行變換的功能；邏輯功能提供從一個或幾個輸入功能到一個或幾個輸出功能的轉換。
◆邏輯解算器 logic solver
that portion of either a BPCS or SIS thatperforms one or more logic function(s)
既可以是一個BPCS的一部分，也可以是SIS的一部分，它執行一個或幾個邏輯功能。
◆安全配置的邏輯解算器 safety configured logic solver
general purpose industrial grade PE logicsolver which is specifically configured for use in safety applications in accordance with 11.5
根據11.5為在安全應用中使用專門配置的工業級通用型PE邏輯解算器。
◆維護/工程接口 maintenance/engineering interface
maintenance/engineering interface is thathardware and software provided to allow proper SIS maintenance or modification.It can include instructions and diagnostics which may be found in software,programming terminals with appropriate communication protocols, diagnostictools, indicators, bypass devices, test devices, and calibration devices
為能正確維護或修改SIS所提供的硬件和軟件。包括：在軟件中可能含有的指令和診斷程序、具有適當通信協議的編程終端、診斷工具、指示器、旁路裝置、試驗裝置和校正裝置。
◆減輕 mitigation
action that reduces the consequence(s) of ahazardous event
減小危險事件后果的動作。
◆操作模式 mode of operation
way in which a safety instrumented functionoperates
儀表安全功能運行方式。
◆要求模式下的儀表安全功能 demand mode safety instrumentedfunction
where a specified action (for example, closingof a valve) is taken in response to process conditions or other demands. In theevent of a dangerous failure of the safety instrumented function a potentialhazard only occurs in the event of a failure in the process or the BPCS
響應過程條件或其他要求而采取一個規定動作(如關閉一個閥門)的場合。在儀表安全功能的危險失效事件中，僅當發生過程或BPCS的失效事件時，才發生潛在危險。
◆連續模式下的儀表安全功能 continuous mode safetyinstrumented function
where in the event of a dangerous failure ofthe safety instrumented function a potential hazard will occur without furtherfailure unless action is taken to prevent it
在儀表安全功能的危險失效事件中，如果不采取預防動作，即使沒有進一步的失效，潛在危險也會發生。
◆模塊 module
self-contained assembly of hardware componentsthat performs a specific hardware function (i.e., digital input module,analogue output module), or reusable application program (can be internal to aprogram or a set of programs) that support a specific function, for example,portion of a computer program that carries out a specific function
執行某個特定硬件功能的硬件部件的自含式組件(即數字輸入模塊、模擬輸出模塊)，或支持某一特定功能的可重用應用程序(可能是一個或一組內固程序)。如執行特定功能的計算機程序的一部分。
◆從N中取M MooN
safety instrumented system, or part thereof,made up of “N” independent channels, which are so connected, that “M” channelsare suffic
ient to perform the safety instrumented function
“N”個獨立通道構成的安全儀表系統或其部分，它被連接成其中“M”個通道足以執行儀表安全功能。
◆必要的風險降低 necessary risk reduction
risk reduction required to ensure that the riskis reduced to a tolerable level
為保證把風險降低到允許水平所需的風險降低。
◆非可編程(NP)系統 non-programmable(NP) system
system based on non-computer technologies(i.e., a system not based on programmable electronics [PE] or software)
基于非計算機技術的系統(即不基于可編程電子[PE]或軟件的系統)。
◆操作員接口 operator interface
means by which information is communicatedbetween a human operator(s) and the SIS (for example, CRTs, indicating lights,push-buttons, horns, alarms); the operator interface is sometimes referred toas the human-machine interface (HMI)
在操作人員和SIS之間進行信息交換的手段(如陰極射線管CRT、指示燈、按鈕、操縱桿、報警器)；操作員接口有時又叫人機界面(HMI)。
◆其他技術安全相關系統 other technology safety relatedsystem
safety related systems that are based on atechnology other than electrical, electronic, or programmable electronic
不基于電氣、電子或可編程電子技術的安全相關系統。
◆輸出功能 output function
function which controls the process and itsassociated equipment according to final actuator information from the logicfunction
根據來自邏輯功能的終端執行機構的信息，控制過程及其相關設備的功能。
◆階段 phase
period within the safety life cycle whereactivities described in this standard take place
發生IEC61511中描述活動的安全生命周期中的某個時段。
◆預防 prevention
action that reduces the frequency of occurrenceof a hazardous event
降低危險事件發生頻率的動作。
◆過程風險 process risk
risk arising from the process conditions causedby abnormal events (include BPCS malfunction)
因異常事件(包括BPCS功能失常)引起過程條件產生的風險。
◆可編程電子(PE) programmable electronics
electronic component or device forming part ofa PES and based on computer technology. The term encompasses both hardware andsoftware and input and out units
基于計算機技術構成PES一部分的電子部件或裝置。本術語包括硬件和軟件及輸入和輸出單元。
◆可編程電子系統(PES) programmable electronic system (PES)
system for control, protection or monitoringbased on one or more programmable electronic devices, including all elements ofthe system such as power supplies, sen sors and other input devices, data highways andother communication paths, actuators and other output devices
基于一個或多個可編程電子裝置的，用于控制、防護或監視的系統，包括系統中所有的元素，如電源、傳感器和其他輸入裝置、數據高速公路和其他通信途徑、以及執行器和其他輸出裝置。
◆編程 programming
process of designing, writing and testing a setof instructions for solving a problem or processing data
為解決問題或處理數據而設計、編寫和測試一組指令的過程。
◆檢驗測試 proof test
test performed to reveal undetected faults in asafety instrumented system so that, if necessary, the system can be restored toits designed functionality
為揭露安全儀表系統中未檢測到的故障而執行的測試，以便在必要時把系統修復到所設計的功能。
◆保護層 protection layer
any independent mechanismthat reduces risk by control, prevention or mitigation
借助控制、預防或減輕以降低風險的任何獨立機制。
◆經使用驗證的 proven-in-use
when a documentedassessment has shown that there is appropriate evidence, based on the previoususe of the component, that the component is suitable for use in a safetyinstrumented system
當文檔化的評估顯示有適當證據表明：基于部件以往使用的情況，該部件適用于安全儀表系統時。
◆質量 quality
totality of characteristicsof an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs
一個實體滿足指明的和隱含需要的性能總和。
◆硬件隨機失效 random hardware failure
failure, occurring at arandom time, which results from a variety of degradation mechanisms in thehardware
在硬件中，由各種退化機制引起，以隨機時間發生的失效。
◆冗余 redundancy
use of multiple elements orsystems to perform the same function; redundancy can be implemented byidentical elements (identical redundancy) or by diverse elements (diverseredundancy)
使用多個元素或系統來執行同一種功能；冗余可以使用同種元素實現(同型冗余)，或使用不同元素實現(異型冗余)。
◆風險 risk
combination of thefrequency of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
出現傷害的概率及該傷害嚴重性的組合。
◆安全失效 safe failure
failure which does not havethe potential to put the safety instrumented system in a hazardous orfail-to-function state
不會使安全儀表系統處于潛在的危險狀態或功能故障狀態的失效。
◆安全失效分數 safe failure fraction
fraction of the overallrandom hardware failure rate of a device that results in either a safe failureor a detected dangerous failure
導致安全失效或者可檢測出的危險失效的裝置總硬件隨機失效率分數。
◆安全狀態 safe state
state of the process whensafety is achieved
達到安全時的過程狀態。
◆安全 safety
freedom from unacceptablerisk
不存在不可接受的風險。
◆安全功能 safety function
function to be implementedby an SIS, other technology safety related system or external risk, reductionfacilities, which is intended to achieve or maintain a safe state for theprocess, with respect to a specific hazardous event
針對特定的危險事件，為達到或保持過程的安全狀態，由SIS、其他技術安全相關系統或外部風險降低設施實現的功能。
